International national standards for heavy metals in food dr yy choi chemist. Heavy metal levels in water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed by inductively coupled. Differential bioaccumulation of heavy metals in selected. The analysis of the transfer factor tf and positive correlations p of selected metals in fish muscle tissues and water indicated the direct accumulation of metals from the water to the fish.
The accumulation of heavy metals in fish is an important issue because many fish species are consumed as a source of protein by a large section of the population, especially those who live near rivers. Maximum permissible limit mpl of pb and cd in fish tissues and water. Within the fisheries sector, the issue of heavy metals is particularly relevant to large pelagic fish, such as tuna and swordfish. Fish that are at the top of the ocean food chain tend to contain more mercury. Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in fish samples from. Analysis of heavy metals in water, sediments and fish samples. Human health risks from heavy metals in fish of buriganga. Accumulation of heavy metals in fishes of freshwater 1. The effects of heavy metals on aquatic animals khayatzadeh j. Effects on heavy metal accumulation in freshwater fishes.
Seafood is a healthy source of iodine, essential fats and easily digested protein and is often considered a healthy addition to any diet. In the present study, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals cr, cu, cd, pb content were determined in freshwater edible fishes cyprinus carpio linnaeus and pelteobagrus fluvidraco, which were caught from the meiliang bay, taihu lake, a large, shallow and eutrophic lake of china. Determination of heavy metals in fish tissues and water from. Other factors include species of fish and its location, diet and habitat. Bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium, zinc, chromium, and. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some tissues of fish in lake geriyo, adamawa state, nigeria article pdf available in journal of environmental and public health 20181. The study suggested that the presence of toxic heavy metals in aquatic environment has strong influence on the hematological parameters in the fresh water fish common carp cyprinus carpio l. Gaza strip, heavy metals, commercial fish, accumulation factor, consumption safety, wet digestion.
Fish are one of the most widely distributed organisms in the aquatic environment and considered as one of the main protein sources of food for human rashed, 2001. The rest of selected heavy metals were still not detected in tilapia table 3. The gill is an important site for the entry of heavy metals heavy metals gills liver kidney flesh cr ni cd pb 0. The increasing amounts of heavy metals entering aquatic environments can result in. Owubu creek received effluents such as agric ultural runoff, from farm lands, adjourning and oil spill from nigeria agip. Heavy metals contamination and what are the impacts on. Levels of bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in fish. Introduction fish accumulate toxic chemicals such as heavy metals directly from water and diet, and contaminant residues may ultimately reach concentrations hundreds or thousands of times above those measured in the water, sediment and food osman et al. The muscles, liver, gonads and gills are the tissues of fish that have been used in research works of heavy metals in wide ranges 1. The aim of this current study is to analyze the heavy metals uptake efficiency of various fish species found from the danube river, between the area of 73. These fish are at the top of the food chain and therefore tend to accumulate higher quantities of heavy metals, especially mercury, in their muscular tissues. Determination of heavy metal concentration in fish samples. Bioaccumulation level of heavy metals compared in the tissuesorgans of c.
Human health risks were evaluated from consumption of heavy metal contaminated fish from buriganga river in bangladesh. Industrial wastes containing heavy metals on entering aquatic environment causes biochemical disturbances in the fish ansah et al. The results obtained showed that the concentration of heavy metal in water zn. Heavy metals in feed current regulation, risk assessment. Pdf bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some tissues of. The experimental fish was exposed to cr, ni, cd and pb at sublethal concentrations for periods of 32 days. Eating certain kinds of fish has become a major health concern due to the amount of heavy metals and other contaminants in water pollution. Heavy metals in marine fish meat and consumer health. Heavy metals normally occur in nature and are essential to life but can become toxic through accumulation in organisms. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and mercury are the most common heavy metals which can pollute the environment. Reports using levels of heavy metals in fish to indicate and assess the contamination of heavy metals in water have been found to be very useful for environmental monitoring rashed, 2001.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of the glutathione metabolism in the liver of freshwater fish oreochromis niloticus exposed to metals cu, cd, cr, pb, zn in different periods. Heavy metal accumulation in certain marine animals along the. Heavy metal toxicity to fish and the influence of water. Bioaccumulation, heavy metals, feeding habits, carnivorous fish. Pollution of rivers causes the degradation of biodiversity. Water quality studies indicate that this is not due to a chemical reduction of available cadmium in hard water and no significant differences in cadmium uptake were detected between fish from the two levels of. Heavy metals are known to cause deleterious effects on human health through food chain. Heavy metals such as copper, iron, chromium and nickel are essential metals since their play an important role in. Fish constitute an important source of protein for many people throughout the world and fish consumption has increased in importance among healthconscious people because it provides healthy and low cholesterol sources of protein and other nutrients 5 burger j, gochfeld m. The levels of the heavy metals varied significantly among fish species and organs. After that, the sample was introduced onto heat at 6080oc for 3 hours for digestion. In general, the target tissues of heavy metals are metabolic active ones which accumulate high levels of metal in fish such as liver and gills, whereas in muscles where the metabolic activity is relatively low accumulates less level of heavy metals.
Then, 5 ml of 65% nitric acid was added and the mix was stored at room temperature for 1 day. Heavy metals in commercial fish in new jersey environ res 2005. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tilapia zilli and clarias gariepinus organs from river benue, north. The levels of heavy metals varied significantly among fish species and organs. Heavy meals concentrations in the aquatic organism depict the past as. These limits are designed to ensure public health and safety when eating. Introduction heavy metals from natural sources and. Fish species, gwagwalada, heavy metals, bioaccumulation.
Heavy metals, hematology, blood glucose, common carp, cyprinus carpio l. Consumption of fish from polluted environment should be discouraged. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals in african catfish c. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals zn, pb, cd, and cu was determined in the liver, gills, and flesh from benthic and pelagic fish species collected from lake geriyo covering two seasons. Flesh possessed the lowest concentration of all the metals. Characteristic levels of heavy metals in canned tuna fish. Accumulation of heavy metals in fishes of freshwater lakes of india harsimran kaur brar m.
Fish have been widely used worldwide as a bioindicator of pollution by heavy metals. Introduction freshwater ecosystems are a subset of earths aquatic ecosystems. Results showed that according to metals levels, consumption of studied fish had no threat to consumers health. Heavy metals contents of some synthetic fish feeds found within makurdi metropolis article pdf available in international journal of food safety nutrition and public health 22. The low saturated fat and sufficient omega fatty acids in fish are also important in supporting good human health. Alweher mutah university department of biological sciences, karak, jordan abstract cd, cu and zn concentrations were determined in muscle. Analysis of heavy metals in water and fish tilapia sp. This research deals with human health risk assessment of metal contamination through the consumption of fish at selected river in kuantan, pahang. The concentrations of heavy metals cu, zn, pb, cd, fe and mn were measured in the liver, gills and muscles of fourteen benthic and pelagic. The presence of heavy metals in fish meat from danube. The numerous health benefits provided by fish consumption may be compromised by the presence of toxic metals and metalloids such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury, which can have harmful effects on the human body if consumed in toxic quantities. However, the content of toxic heavy metals in fish can counteract the positive effects of the omega3 fatty acids present in fish and their beneficial effects on heart disease risk chan and egeland, 2004.
The monitoring of metal concentrations in fish meat is therefore important to ensure compliance. Aug 03, 2016 accumulation of heavy metals in fishes of freshwater 1 1. Accumulation of heavy metals fe, mn, cu, zn, ni, pb, cd and. F zoology department of zoology university of delhi may, 2016 2. What is the permissible limit of heavy metals and trace elements in fish tissue as given by who or fao. Comparative assessment and source identification of heavy. The concentrations of heavy metals including arsenic as, cadmium cd, copper cu, iron fe, manganese mn, lead pb, and zinc zn in the muscle, gill, and liver of three species were. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations in tilapia fish. Heavy metals hm are natural trace components of the aquatic environment, but their levels have been increased due to industrial wastes, geochemical structure, agricultural and mining activities. Human health risk assessment of metal contamination through. Among the analysed metals in muscle tissue of sampled fish, only mercury exceeded the maximal level 0. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species from the. Accumulation of heavy metals and human health risk assessment. These include time, temperature, interacting agents, age of the fish, metabolic activity of metal accumulation in certain marine animals.
The progress of industries has led to the increased of pollutants emission into the ecosystems. The fish sample, clarias gariepinus was collected from odoayo river in adoekiti, ekiti state, nigeria. This paper assesses the potential human health risks posed by five heavy metals zn, pb, cu, cd, and cr found in seven most consumable fish. The study area was chosen to be the borsola beel located near rehabari area of. Fish are constantly exposed to chemicals in polluted and contaminated waters. What is the permissible limit of heavy metals and trace. Analysis of fish sample for heavy metals dry fish sample was weighed for about 0. Whole body of five fish species puntius ticto, puntius sophore, puntius chola, labeo rohita and glossogobius giuris were analyzed which contained various concentrations of cd, as, pb, cr. Effect of heavy metals on liver, kidney, gills and muscles of. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tilapia zilli and. Analysis of heavy metals in water, sediments and fish samples of madivala lakes of bangalore, karnataka. The food standards code for australia and new zealand fsanz, 2008, has set maximum levels for the heavy metals mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic in our food. The presence of these metals analysed in the body parts of fish serves as an indicator for the extent of heavy metal pollution of the water body from where these aquatic organisms fish are obtained. Heavy metals exist naturally in the soil from the soil forming processes of disintegration of parent resources at rare levels heavy metal bioaccumulation in fish is important because fish tissues have higher uptake levels of some metals e.
In the present study, some heavy metals cd, cr, cu, fe, ni and pb were seasonally determined in water, sediment and some tissues of cyprinus carpio from avsar dam lake, which is an important water source for irrigation and drinking in turkey. Lead and cadmium levels in ubeji river significantly. Toxicity tests with rainbow trout confirm that cadmium is less toxic in hard water 96 hr lc502. Determination of heavy metals in selected fish species. The content of heavy metals in the fish species differed depending on the size, sampling site, or, in some cases, season. Bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium, zinc, chromium, and lead. It was revealed that fish can bioaccumulate heavy metals from a polluted environment, which may result in reduction or impairment of natural population size and could be a risk to consumers. The accumulation of heavy metals in fish species were analyzed at the end of the experimental period and compared with the experimental fish, which were exposed to the selected heavy metals table 1. Fish has been recognized as an important food source for the human body. Heavy metal concentrations in commercially available. Three fish species carassius auratus, pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and squaliobarbus curriculus were collected from xiang river near changsha city, southern china.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish from the chi river. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals varied between species, ages, sex and organs. Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in tilapia fish. Heavy metal bioaccumulation in fish is important because fish tissues have higher uptake levels of some metals e. Abstract the numerous health benefits provided by fish consumption may be compromised by the presence of toxic metals and metalloids such. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals zn, pb, cd, and cu was determined in the liver, gills, and flesh from benthic and pelagic fish species.
The objective of the present study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various organs of the fresh water fish exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system. Heavy metal bioaccumulation in edible fish species from an. The muscle tissue of fish is the main edible part of the fish, hence, it was the target tissue for this research analysis. Concentrations of heavy metals in fish all heavy metals bioccumulated at varying levels on a dry weight basis. Pdf effect of different heavy metal pollution on fish. Concentration of heavy metals zn, cd, pb in kidney and gill. Among the contaminants, heavy metals should be highlighted due to the consequences of their bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems nadmitov et al. International national standards for heavy metals in food. After digestion, the sample was allowed to cool and filtered. Whereas, topping 1973 suggested that mainly plankton feeding fish contain much higher concentrations of some heavy metals than bottom feeding fish. The concentrations of heavy metals cu, zn, pb, cd, fe and mn were measured in the liver, gills and muscles of fourteen benthic and pelagic fish species collected from three main landing areas shalateen, hurghada and suez in the egyptian red sea. Thus the fish species sold in the market at the time of study were safe for consumption. Heavy metals thus discharged from the source, leach into underground waters, deposits in the aquifer, or are washed away by runoff into surface waters. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish hydrocynus forskahlii, hyperopisus bebe occidentalis and clarias gariepinus organs in downstream ogun coastal water, nigeria article pdf available.
Heavy metals like mercury and cadmium are known to accumulate in marine organisms and cause rapid genetic changes nimmo et al. Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in tilapia fish relevant to their concentration in water and sediment of wadi hanifah, saudi arabia abdelbaki, a. Abida begum 1, harikrishna s 2, irfanulla khan 3 1department of chemistry, p. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water. Determination of heavy metals in fish tissues and water.
The elements cd, pb, ni and cr were assayed using shimadzu aa 6200 atomic absorption spectrophotometery and. Assessment of heavy metal residues in water, fish tissue and human. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in channa punctatus bloch. Jargensen and pedersen 1994, reported several factors that influence the elimination of metals from the body of marine animals. Heavy metals have the tendency to accumulate in various organs of fish which in turn may enter into human metabolism through consumption causing serious health hazards khalifa et al. Heavy metalscontamination creates problem in those species. The results showed that the cr, cu, cd and pb content in the edible parts of the two fish. Department of biology, sciences faculty, islamic azad university, mashhad branch, mashhad, iran email. Generally speaking, the larger and older the fish, the higher the level of heavy metal contamination. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish clarias gariepinus. Now days the potential toxic effect of heavy metals in the aquatic organisms has been intensively studied. Sediments are important for various pollutants like pesticides and heavy metals and also play a significant role in remobilization of.
Mar 10, 2008 the objective of the present study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in various organs of the fresh water fish exposed to heavy metal contaminated water system. Assessment of heavy metals in water, fish and sediments. Heavy metal concentrations in ten species of fishes caught. The concentrations of heavy metals al, as, cd, cu, fe, pb and zn in fish at the three different.
Fish is widely consumed in many parts of the world because it has high protein content, low saturated fat and also contains omega fatty acids known to support good health ikem and egiebor, 2005. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish, squids and. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in organs of fresh water fish cyprinus carpio common carp abstract. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in marine fish samples. Effects of heavy metals cd, cu, cr, pb, zn on fish. The glutathione metabolism contains crucial antioxidant molecules to defend the organisms against oxidants. Name of the heavy metals mpl in fish tissues in mgkg mpl in water in mgl pb 2. Heavy metals mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum in. Pdf heavy metals contents of some synthetic fish feeds.
So the heavy metals content in fishery products need to be well. Al, cu, fe and zn were detected by the icpoes although concentration of as, cd and pb were consistently below the detection limit. Heavy metals taken up by an organism are distributed to different organs of the fish, because of the chemical assemblage between them. Therefore, its study constitutes a tool for environmental assessment and for determining public health risk reinfelder et al. Issn 19956673 pages 41 46 jordan journal of biological sciences levels of heavy metal cd, cu and zn in three fish species collected from the northern jordan valley, jordan s. Determination of heavy metal levels in fishes from the lower. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some tissues of fish in.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some tissues of fish in lake. This research work was conducted to assess the concentration of heavy metals namely, zn, mn, cu, fe, pb and cd in three matrices including sediment, water and fish organs gills, flesh, kidney and liver. The acidic conditions of aquatic environment might cause free divalent ions of many heavy metals to be absorbed by fish gills 2. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some tissues of fish in the. The potential toxicity of metals in water may have detrimental effects on the biochemical processes of aquatic organisms, especially fish, which serve as a source of protein in the proteindeficient nigerian diet. S school of engineering,hosur road, near electronic city, bangalore100,india.
Pdf bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish hydrocynus. Freshwater fishes are similar to sea water fishes which play an important role in determining residents diet ahmad et al. Levels of bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in fish tilapia zilli and their concentration in water and sediment of owubu creek, niger delta, nigeria. The digests allowed to cool then transferred to 25 ml volumetric flask and fill up to the level with deionized water 20. The studied fish species pose non carcinogenic risk for co and ni target hazard quotient thq 1 only. Bioaccumulation and potential sources of heavy metal. Bioaccumulation of mercury, cadmium, zinc, chromium. Our findings suggest that omnivorous fish may bioaccumulate more heavy metals than the carnivorous fish in natural habitats.